Land Rover Defender: Anti-Theft - Active - Operation

DISARMING

The BCM/ GWM automatically arms and disarms the anti-theft system when it operates the CDL system. The BCM/ GWM also locks and unlocks the Electric Steering Column Lock Control Module (VIM) when it operates the CDL system.

On vehicles without a volumetric sensor, only the perimeter mode is available to monitor the hinged panels and the validity of the smart key.

When perimeter sensing is active, the BCM/ GWM monitors aperture ajar switches. The ajar switches are located in the latch mechanisms of the doors, in the tailgate and the hood latch.

When volumetric sensors are active, the BCM/ GWM monitors the passenger compartment for movement using a volumetric sensor located on the front overhead console.

When the tilt sensors are active, the BCM/ GWM monitors the vehicle for raising using a tilt sensor located within the BBUS.

ARMING

Perimeter mode

The anti-theft active system is armed in the perimeter mode when the vehicle is either locked or double locked. The locked or double locked is locked using the lock switch on the smart key. The vehicles have the function of the the passive entry system. The anti-theft active system is armed in the perimeter mode when the lock/unlock switch on 1 of the exterior door handles is used.

Smart key switch selection and the lock/unlock switch selection on the exterior door handles are relayed to the BCM/ GWM. The signal is sent by the RFA on the High Speed (HS) Controller Area Network (CAN) body systems bus.

Perimeter mode only monitors the hinged panels and the validity of the smart key in the RFA.

Perimeter with alarm sensing mode

The volumetric sensor monitors the vehicle interior for intrusion. The vehicle is equipped with a BBUS which incorporates a tilt sensor. The vehicle attitude is also monitored when perimeter with alarm sensing mode is active.

Perimeter with alarm sensing mode is activated by the following manner:

• A second press of the lock switch on the smart key.
• Using the lock switch on 1 of the exterior door handles, on vehicles with the passive entry system.

The second press of the switch must occur within 3 seconds of the first press. The second press of the lock switch also activates the perimeter sensing double locking feature.

In certain markets the volumetric sensors are activated on single lock as per latest market requirements.

The BCM/ GWM arms the active anti-theft system when it single locks or double locks the vehicle, providing all the following conditions are met:

• All doors, tailgate and hood are closed.
• The BCM/ GWM is not in transit mode.

When the vehicle successfully completes its locking routine, a single short flash of the turn signal indicators to indicate a single locked condition.

When double locking is activated, then the confirmation is given by:

• A double flash of the turn signal indicators.
• The 1 short flash for locked.
• The 1 long flash on completion of double locked.

When 'audible lock warning' is enabled, an audible chirp shall also be emitted from BBUS on double lock. The feature can be turned on and off in the IPC security features menu.

Mislock

When a lock or double lock request is received from a smart key, the anti-theft alarm remains disarmed when:

• Any doors, tailgate or hood is open/ajar.
• Power Mode 6 (ignition ON).

The BCM/ GWM generates a short mislock sound from the BBUS, or the passive sounder. The turn signal indicators does not flash. Each attempt to lock, is confirmed by an audible chime being emitted.

The volumetric sensor and the tilt sensor in the BBUS are inhibited until the tailgate is closed.

Disarming

The BCM/ GWM disarms the active anti-theft system to prevent false alarm activation under certain conditions as follows:

• The system is in perimeter with alarm sensing mode and the startup battery voltage decreases to less than 9V.
• The BCM/ GWM disables the perimeter with alarm sensing mode. The BCM/ GWM remains in perimeter mode only. The BCM/ GWM prevents false alarm activation because the volumetric sensor cannot operate correctly below 9V.
• The BCM/ GWM deactivates the BBUS when the startup battery voltage decreases from 9.5V to 9V in more than a 30 minutes period. When required, the BCM/ GWM activates the horns to sound an audible alarm trigger warning.

  At voltages below 9V, the BCM/ GWM does not generate the 'heartbeat' signal to the BBUS. The BBUS interprets this as the BCM/ GWM has been tampered with and activates its sounder. When the startup battery voltage subsequently rises to more than 9.5V, the BCM/ GWM re-arms the BBUS.

• The vehicle automatically re-locks and re-arms the active anti-theft system when unlocking the vehicle and within 40 seconds a hinged panel is not opened. The function prevents leaving the vehicle unlocked and disarmed by accidental operation of the smart key unlock switch/exterior handle.

Alarm

When the alarm is triggered, the BCM/ GWM activates audible and visual warnings. The audible warnings are produced by the passive sounder or the BBUS and horns. Visible indications are produced using the turn signal indicators.

The BCM/ GWM activates below components:

• Passive sounder or the BBUS
• The horns
• The visual indications.

The BCM/ GWM activates components for 30/60 seconds, depending on the market.

The activation is stopped for 10 seconds. When the alarm trigger is still present, the BCM/ GWM cycles again for 30 /60 seconds. The activation repeats for up to a maximum of 10 cycles per trigger source of 30/60 seconds for any 1 arming period.

NOTE: When the Battery Back-Up Sounder (BBUS) is triggered due to tamper detection, the visual indication using the turn signal and horns are not activated.

The alarm can be triggered by:

• Any of the hinged panels being opened.
• Any of the doors being unlocked.
• The volumetric sensor detects a movement inside the vehicle.
• The tilt sensor detects vehicle movement.
• An ignition tamper is detected (invalid smart key).

BBUS

NOTE: When a BBUS is equipped, it is also armed with the perimeter mode lock request. However, the tilt functionality is not enabled in perimeter mode depending on market/single/double locking latches.

On receipt of the arming signals, the BBUS and the tilt sensor respond with a status message. When the BCM/ GWM does not receive the status signals within a period of time, there is a fault in the system. The BCM/ GWM responds with a disarm signal to either the sounder and/or the tilt sensor and stores a related DTC. The sounder is disarmed when the active anti-theft system is armed and the system is subsequently triggered. The BCM/ GWM still energizes the horn relay and uses the vehicle horns to sound the audible warning in place of the BBUS.

When the BBUS is armed, the BCM/ GWM sends a periodic (heartbeat) signal to the BBUS. The signal prompts the BBUS to monitor the vehicle startup battery supply and the LIN with the BCM/ GWM.

The BBUS operates in the following cases:

• The BBUS receives an alarm signal from the BCM/ GWM or the tilt sensor.
• The power supply or the LIN to the BCM/ GWM is disrupted.

The tilt sensor measures the longitudinal and lateral angle of the vehicle over a range of of +-16º from the horizontal.

When the active anti-theft system is armed in perimeter with alarm sensing mode, the tilt sensor:

• Stores the current vehicle angles in its memory.
• Monitors the tilt sensor readings.

When the vehicle angle changes in either direction by more than the alarm limit threshold, the tilt sensor communicates to the BCM/ GWM. The BCM/ GWM activates the BBUS.

When the alarm is active and the battery or the BBUS is disconnected, the BBUS continues to sound without the turn signal indicators flashing or horn.

Panic alarm

A panic alarm feature allows the vehicle alarm to be activated using the smart key. The panic alarm switch, identified by a triangle symbol, can be operated and held for more than 3 seconds to activate the vehicle alarm.

To cancel the panic alarm feature perform 1 of the following:

• Operate the panic alarm switch 3 times.
• Press and hold the panic switch for 3 seconds.
• Operate the ignition switch.

To prevent accidental cancellation, the panic alarm cannot be canceled within 5 seconds of being activated.

Smart key additional features

In addition to the lock and unlock switches, the smart key has convenience switches.

Headlamp convenience

A headlamp convenience switch can be pressed to operate the headlamps to assist departure or approach to the vehicle. A single press of the switch operates the headlamps for approximately 25 seconds, after which time they turn OFF automatically. A second press of the switch, switches OFF the headlamps when the 25 seconds period has not been reached. Operating the ignition switch within the 25 seconds period, also turns OFF the headlamp convenience feature.

Convenience mode

When the vehicle is unlocked using the unlock switch on the smart key, the vehicle electrical system initiates convenience mode.

The following systems become active in convenience mode:

• Memory - Seat adjustment and mirror position.
• Interior and exterior lighting.
• Audio system.
• IPC message center.
• Horn.
• 12V accessory socket.

Single point entry

The single point entry feature only unlocks the driver door, all other doors remain single locked. A single press of the unlock switch on the smart key, only unlocks the driver door. A second press is required to unlock the remaining doors and the tailgate.

When the vehicle is double locked, the first press of the unlock switch on the smart key unlocks the driver door.

The remaining doors revert to the single locked state and can be unlocked using the following:

• A further press of the smart key unlock switch.
• The CDL lock/unlock switch on the driver door.
• The interior door handles on the passenger doors.
• Passive entry through any passenger door.

Access to the tailgate can be achieved through:

• A further press of the smart key unlock switch.
• The smart key tailgate open switch.
• The CDL lock/unlock switch on the driver door.
• The interior door handles on the passenger doors.
• Passive entry through any passenger door.
• Passive entry through the tailgate open switch.

Changing from CDL to single point entry can be done by:

• Pressing the lock and unlock switches on the smart key simultaneously. The turn signal indicators flash to confirm that the function change has been performed.
• Using the IPC menu.

Global open/close

NOTE: The global open/close feature is not available in all markets.

A global open and close feature can be operated from the smart key. The feature allows the vehicle windows to be opened/closed through a single press of the lock or unlock switch. The switch must be pressed and held for more than 2 seconds to activate the global open/close feature. The windows must be initialized for the global functionality to work.

ULTRA WIDE BAND OPERATION

With the introduction of ultra wide band technology, recognizing the position of the smart key requires 2 pieces of distance information. The 2 passive entry transceivers are located in the headliner, 1 at the front and 1 at the rear. The passive entry transceivers enable full coverage inside and outside of the vehicle.

The following process takes place to validate the smart key:

• The RFA receives a door lock/unlock request.
• On receipt of the door lock/unlock request, challenge data is sent out from the RFA. The challenge data is sent through LF antenna at 125 kHz to the smart key.
• The smart key responds to the LF signal, processing the received message and replying to the vehicle using a separate RF channel. Depending on market the RF channels are 433 MHz or 315 MHz.
• The response is received by the RF receiver.

In addition the RFA sends a separate challenge, through the passive entry transceivers to the smart key. The RFA sends this data to authenticate and obtain the smart key position with accuracy, using the following process:

• The challenge data is sent from the RFA through LIN to the passive entry transceivers.
• The passive entry transceivers process and transmit the data, through a separate RF signal, at 3.99 GHz (4.5 GHz in China) to the smart key.
• On receipt of the signal the smart key responds with an authentication message back to the passive entry transceivers. The smart key responds by a RF signal through the LIN connection.

When the smart key is validated the system operates normally.

LF ZONES

The message contained in the beacon signals varies based on each transmitter zone. For example, the message varies based on if the zone is:

• Inside or outside the vehicle.
• The driver side or passenger side or the loadspace.

The capability allows the smart key to send specific answers, triggering actions such as opening the passenger door or starting the engine.

A common security threat consists of relaying the messages exchanged between the vehicle and the smart key over long distances. The message range is indefinite, depending on the technology used. The technology is used by intercepting the beacon signal from the LF antenna in the vehicle to the smart key.

The equipment intercepts the messages is used to gain illegal entry to the vehicle and activate the passive start system.

DIAGNOSTICS

The BCM/ GWM records any DTCs and related data. Read the DTCs and related data with the JLR approved diagnostic equipment.

The JLR approved diagnostic equipment can read live data and activate certain components.

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